Day 2 :
- Catalytic Cracking
Session Introduction
Nilesh Chandak
Takreer Research Centre, Abu Dhabi
Title: Pilot plant experimentation to optimize the use of re-generated CoMo catalyst to process atmospheric and vacuum gas oils
Biography:
Nilesh Chandak has completed his Master’s in Chemical Engineering from Pune University and is having 20+ years of experience in applications and operations in oil & gas research area. He is the Head of Pilot Plant Operations at Takreer Research center (ADNOC Group Company) in Abu Dhabi. He having publications in various reputed journals and his areas of research are in refining processes, viz. Atmospheric and vacuum distillations, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, reforming, isomerization, etc.
Abstract:
TAKREER Research Centre (TRC) has conducted a feasibility study on regenerated CoMo catalyst for various possible re-use viz. for naphtha hydrotreating, Kero and ULSD production. This paper focuses on the pilot plant testing of regenerated CoMo catalyst for ULSD production by processing LVGO & HGO blends at various ratios for re-use in another hydrotreater unit of refinery. Regenerated catalyst, which was unloaded from commercial hydrotreater after its turnaround, was evaluated using four different blends of LVGO & HGO. During entire experimentation, process conditions viz. 0.5 h-1 LHSV, 57 bar pressure and 300 Nm3/m3 H2/Oil ratio, were unchanged while feed & temperature were variable parameters. Based on the pilot study results, we anticipated processing LVGO with HGO blend feed needs 5°C to 10°C higher activity comparing with full HGO feed. Estimation of hydrogen consumption & cycle life cycle of the catalyst along with detailed experimentation has been discussed. Details of hydro processing pilot plant design, operation and data analysis are mentioned in which operating conditions were tuned to commercial unit. The experimental results have shown the effective techniques to validate the regenerated CoMo catalyst testing at pilot scale for optimized re-use in commercial refinery.
Ali Shaeri
National Iranian Oil Enginieering and Construction Company (NIOEC) / REF Group Co., Iran
Title: Soloution of Preventing differetial pressure in Fix Bed Reactors for RCD Unit
Biography:
Ali Shaeri is currently working in NIOEC as a senior process engineer, technical advisor of REF Co and teaching in the university. He is a member of IPS (Iranian Petroleum Standard) and Scientific Mission at Elmi- Karbordi University.
Abstract:
The unit of RCD (Reduced Crude Desulfurization) was applied for decreasing of Sulfur, CCR (coradson carbon residue), metals of heavy feeds AR (Atmospheric Residue), VR (Vacuum Residue), and also prepared the feed of RFCC (Reduced Fluid Catalytic Cracking) unit. The unit includes the following parts: Feed pretreating (Filter) Section, Reactor Section, Fractionator Section, make-up Hydrogen Compression Section. These compounds were easily converted to H2S, however feedstocks containing heteroatomic aromatic molecules were processed difficulty. Desulfurization of these compounds was preceded by initial ring opening and sulfur removal followed by saturation of the resulting olefin. Thiophene was processed 15 times more difficult compare to diethylsulfide. There is used Fix bed reactor type One of the main problem in such unit is differential of pressure of reactors. This paper discuss about "How we could prevent dp in the reactors in real operation".
Amjed M Hassan
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia
Title: A numerical study of temperature profile by coupling memory-based diffusivity model with energy balance during thermal flooding
Biography:
Ajmed M Hassan is a PhD student at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Department of Petroleum Engineering, Saudi Arabia. He earned his MSc in Petroleum Engineering from KFUPM. He is working at University of Khartoum and PetroEDGE Company, Sudan. He has authored and co-authored several scientific articles in area of reservoir simulation, numerical analysis and thermal oil recovery processes. He has received two awards from Schlumberger Company for the best academic performance in petroleum engineering and for the best graduation project.
Abstract:
Accurate estimation of the temperature distribution within a reservoir undergoing a thermal recovery operation is a key factor in process design, reservoir management and production forecasting. The thermal and rheological properties of the reservoir rock and fluids play significant roles in the heat transfer between the formation matrix and flowing fluids. The memory-based diffusivity equation is implemented as a momentum-balance to present continuous alteration of rock and fluid properties and to investigate the temperature propagation during thermal flooding process. This model is coupled with recently developed energy balance equation to investigate the different parameters that influence the temperature profile. Numerical solution of the coupled mathematical model is presented for the case of equal rock and fluid temperature. It is assumed that the rock attains the fluid temperature instantaneously, that is, the rock and fluid temperatures are assumed equal throughout the reservoir. Matlab 7.10 program is used to carry out the computation and provides temperature profiles. Results show that, coupling the memory-based diffusivity model with energy balance leads to more reasonable temperature profiles during the thermal flooding. The distribution of reservoir temperature with respect to time and distance can be estimated by coupling the memory-based equation and the mathematical tool which were developed by Hossain et al., in addition, it can be concluded that, the fluid velocity, time and the rheological properties, have important effects on the temperature distributions throughout the reservoir. In future, the results of the numerical solution can be integrated with lab experiment results to predict performance of thermal flooding process and better understanding of reservoir management.
Chih-Ju G. Jou
National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
Title: Using Microwave Technology to Regenerate High Carbon Containing Pt Catalyst
Biography:
Chih-Ju G. Jou obtained his environmental science, chemistry, and chemical engineering Ph.D. degree from the New Jersey Institute of Technology, and is now a professor at the Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Abstract:
When irradiated with microwave, substances of various dielectric characteristics will cause loss of energy; the quantity of energy loss is proportional to dielectric constant. Because borax glass has higher dielectric constant than quartz glass (e.g. 4.6 vs. 3.6 F M-1), it causes higher energy loss than quartz glass. Laboratory results reveal that the removal of coke is smaller for the sample placed in the borax glass reactor than in the quartz glass container (17.7 vs. 25.9%). On the other hand, with the same condition of microwave energy (450W) and exposure time (8 hours), when the air is led in (2 L min-1) to do the carbon reactivation process of catalyst, the carbon removal rate is raised from 15.1 to 69.7%. Using the microwave energy to regenerated wasted high carbon-containing (coke) Pt-catalyst as studied in this research is an innovated technology.
Minchul Chung
Sunchon National University, South Korea
Title: Synthesis of the Organometallic Precursor for Slurry-phase Hydrocracking of Heavy oil
Biography:
Minchul Chung has completed his PhD at Tokyo Institute of Technology and postdoctoral studies of Syracuse University. He has worked for olefin polymerization catalyst at Samsung General Chemicals. He is Professor of Sunchon National University.
Abstract:
Today, heavy oil is looked to as a future energy source since its total reserves are estimated in 6.3 trillion barrels. Due to the recent decline in conventional crude reserves and an increase in the world energy demand, large amounts of residual oil must be upgraded into Light oil. However, its processing is not easy due to its characteristic high content of metals (Ni, V), sulfur and nitrogen, as well as high content of heavy molecules and asphaltenes. Heavy oils have been processed in the most varied ways going from solvent processes to fixed and ebullated bed hydrotreatments, slurry phase hydrocracking and their combinations. This study is in the field of upgrading heavy oil feedstocks into lower boiling, higher quality materials. More particularly, the study was synthesized a catalyst precursors containing molybdenum that can be mixed with heavy oil feedstocks to form a hydroprocessing catalyst and a method for making the catalyst precursors. New precursor was synthesized by using various ligands. These precursor were analyzed using a 1H(13C)-NMR, FT-IR, MS and ICP.
Vikas Prakash
Great Lakes Institute of Management, india
Title: Oil Glut – Will India Shun Oil or Run on Oil?
Biography:
Prof Vikas Prakash is Director of the PGPM Energy at Great Lakes Insitute of Management, Gurgaon, India. He has MBA in Energy from University of Houston, USA. He is PhD from UBS, Panjab University Chandigarh and was selected for Doctoral Student Program of European Commision under EU-India Program. He has more than a two decades experience in academics and research. He has particpated in many international conferences and published many articles. He has conducted around 25 management development programs for energy sector companies like Shell, Cairn, Indian Oil, Oil India and HPCL etc.
Abstract:
Oil has continuously lost its share in the global energy basket since the first Oil Shock in 1973, when It commanded almost 50% share. Quest for alternative energy sources and energy efficient technologies accentuated with the Second Oil Shock. The share of oil had come down to 40% by 1980. During 80s and 90s it maintained its share around 40%. OECD oil demand fell. By 2009, Non-OECD demand, buoyed by China and India, surpassed the OECD demand. By 2014, share of oil had declined to near about 33 per cent. 2014 saw China slowing down with GDP growth rate of about 7%. Energy intensive industries like steel, iron and cement showed very sharp drop in growth. One may not see the Chinese energy demand rising significantly. With lower oil revenue available, even Saudi Arabia may find it difficult to finance its developmental push. This leaves India as a major hope for the oil glut global economy. Low price of crude oil has enabled the country to rein in inflation and current account deficit. Interest rates have been lowered, triggering expectations of spurt in economic activity. Initiatives like ‘Make in India’, ‘Start Up India Fund’ and ‘Jan Dhan Yojana’ are expected to boost the oil demand. Interestingly, emphasis on renewable energy (175 GW by 2022); Smart Cities; Record coal production (550 MT this year); LNG re-gasification terminals and environmental concerns may lead to curtailing of demand. Will India prove to be ‘Brutus’ in oil’s misery or become savior by raising demand?
- Petroleum Industries and Management
Session Introduction
Lau, E. V.
Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia
Title: Integrated micro-macrobubbles flotation for the recovery of heavy crude oil from contaminated sand
Biography:
Dr. Lau has completed her PhD at the age of 28 years from Nottingham University Malaysia Campus. She is currently a Senior Lecturer at Monash University Malaysia. She has published 9 ISI-indexed journals, and have a total citation of 183 (Scopus) since 2009
Abstract:
The success of the flotation technology to recover oil from sand after an oil spill event highly depends on the collision and adhesion probability of bubbles to oil. This study presents the novel coupling of microbubbles and macrobubbles in the flotation process to recover crude oil (380 cst) from sand. The use of the integrated micro-macrobubble flotation at initial experimental conditions showed a higher oil recovery efficiency of 51% as compared to microbubble and macrobubble flotation alone of 40% and 24% respectively, from oil-wet sand. The experimental conditions were then optimised to 40oC, pH 12.5, and run time of 30 minutes which yielded a maximum oil recovery of 68.6% in similar oil-wet sands. Thus, from the improved results, it can be seen that the coupled bubbles provide a higher surface area for bubble-oil attachment, while at the same time improve the buoyancy for flotation.
K. K. Pant
Indian Institute of Technology , India
Title: Green catalytic tri-reforming of methane using flue gas into synthesis gas for fuels and petrochemicals production
Biography:
Rohit Kumar is pursuing Ph.D. degree from Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India. He is working on development of catalytic process for conversion of flue gas into synthesis gas via methane tri-reforming approach. Prof. K. K. Pant is currently Professor in chemical engineering department at Indian Institute of Technology, (IIT) Delhi, Chair professor of Petrotech society India and Chairperson of GATE-JAM 2016. He has been involved as investigator/Co-investigator in more than 20 research projects worth Rs. 50 million. He has published more than 100 papers in various journals of international repute with 30 h-index, 66 i10-index and 3864 citations.
Abstract:
CO2 is the cheapest source of carbon. Considering its impact on climate change, CO2 utilization is being considered as sustainable way for fuels and petrochemicals production. Methane tri-reforming is one such catalytic process which converts CO2 into synthesis gas, which can be further converted into fuels and chemicals. In this context, Ni based catalysts using support materials Al2O3, MgO, CeZrO2 and SBA-15 were prepared by wet impregnation method and characterized by EDX, XRD, BET, TPR, TEM, TGA, SEM and Pulse Chemisorption. Performance of the catalysts was tested for tri-reforming process using fixed bed reactor set-up under reaction condition of 800oC and 1 atm. Among all tested catalysts, Ni/Al2O3 emerged as the most effective catalyst as its initial CH4, CO2 and H2O conversions were found to be about 84%, 75% and 80% respectively. It could be attributed to strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) due to NiAl2O4 formation which caused small Ni particle formation and its high dispersion. Ni/MgO despite having SMSI showed lowest activity. It was mainly because of solid solution formation between NiO and MgO; which although caused SMSI but made NiO extremely difficult to reduce as evident by its TPR profile. Ni/CeZrO2 and Ni/SBA-15 were found to have moderate activity for tri-reforming reactions. Although, both catalysts displayed excellent resistance against deactivation due to coke formation as observed from TGA and SEM. On the other hand, Ni/Al2O3 was found to have 15 wt.% coke deposition after 6 h experimental run.
Josue Aleman
Software Solution Architect, Australia
Title: MOC Anywhere Software – Improving Safety with Effective Management of Change
Biography:
Present a business case to implement Management of Change Software to Improve Safety. Change in businesses and operations are necessary and unavoidable, Uncontrolled change may lead to risk, cost and compliance safety issues for the business. Organisations that manage operational changes can reduce the risk associated with equipment, process or personnel changes. Benefits of implementing a Management of Change software: - Risk Reduction: contributes to the prevention of incidents and accidents; delivers consistent execution of processes; enforces operating procedures and compliance with standards and regulations - Cost Reduction: Reduce cost of audits and compliance; Improve productivity by avoiding re-work and labour wastage; Avoid costs from incidents and accidents, including legal, criminal, brand & reputation damage, and potentially market valuation - Performance Improvement: Increase operating efficiency and effectiveness; Improve maintenance and production performance; Improve process safety and avoid downtime Showcase and demonstrate our MOC Anywhere Software Solution features, like:
Abstract:
Present a business case to implement Management of Change Software to Improve Safety. Change in businesses and operations are necessary and unavoidable, Uncontrolled change may lead to risk, cost and compliance safety issues for the business. Organisations that manage operational changes can reduce the risk associated with equipment, process or personnel changes. Benefits of implementing a Management of Change software: - Risk Reduction: contributes to the prevention of incidents and accidents; delivers consistent execution of processes; enforces operating procedures and compliance with standards and regulations - Cost Reduction: Reduce cost of audits and compliance; Improve productivity by avoiding re-work and labour wastage; Avoid costs from incidents and accidents, including legal, criminal, brand & reputation damage, and potentially market valuation - Performance Improvement: Increase operating efficiency and effectiveness; Improve maintenance and production performance; Improve process safety and avoid downtime Showcase and demonstrate our MOC Anywhere Software Solution features, like: - Cloud based, you do not have to spend resources installing it within your organisation - Securely accessible from either a computer, a tablet or a phone - Free-upgrades for lifetime as we keep improving it over time - Monthly basis subscription per user, subscription can be ended at any point in time - Support is free (included within the monthly fee) - Others
Biography:
Dr. Mohammad Abdulhameed AlKazimi is a Senior Reliability and Equipment Support Engineer at Kuwait Oil Company in Kuwait. He holds a Bachelor degree in mechanical engineering and Masters degree in Industrial Engineering; both earned at the University of Toledo in Ohio, USA. As part of professional development program by the oil sector in Kuwait, he was one of the first of employees to be selected to pursue his higher degree with focus on risk
Abstract:
The volatile nature of petroleum products as well as the integral convolution of the process urged the petroleum industry to pursue techniques to recognize, assess and encompass possible hazards. Together, both government agencies and non-profitable professional societies guide industry leaders with best- recommended practices. Hence, they aim at improving operations management and ensure a safe working environment with processing facilities. Regrettably, accidents due to both human errors and electromechanical failures still happen and result in numerous consequences. As a result, critics have raised concerns about the petroleum industry’s safety and risk mitigation credentials and question its ability to prevent major accidents. Therefor, and in to establish a rigid safety culture, the gap between both the academia and the industry need to bridged to enhance the knowledge base of safety in the petroleum industry. The purpose of this paper to defines the establishment of “HSE Risk management in the petroleum industry†course in the Petroleum Engineering program at Missouri University of Science and Technology. Not only it is designed to cover the technical aspects of HSE in the petroleum industry, but it also enhances the overlooked soft skills, ethical responsibilities, and creating safety culture.
Navinchandra G. Ashar
Navdeep Enviro and Technical Services Pvt. Ltd, India
Title: Comparative Study of Techno-Economic Evaluation of the Production of Liquid Sulphur Dioxide
Biography:
Navinchandra G Ashar after graduation in Chemical Engineering at IIT, Beneras Hindu University, India in 1954 took experience in Design and Development of Chemical Industry for two years with M/s. A. P. V. Engineering (A wholly owned British Company) in Calcutta, India. In 1956 he went to Masachussets Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA for Post-Graduate Degree in Chemical Engineering. In 1958, he was appointed as a faculty member of MIT. After three years, in 1961, he returned to India and joined M/s. Dharamsee Morarjee Chemicals Company Ltd. (DMCC) Mumbai, India. After 27 years, he formed his own consultancy company at Mumbai in the name of Navdeep Enviro and Technical Services Pvt. Ltd. Currently he is MD and conducting the affairs of the company for several projects in India and Abroad.
Abstract:
Sulphur di-oxide has been a key chemical as a starting point of many chemical products inclusive of Sulphuric Acid, liquid sulphur di-oxide, oleums, liquid sulphur tri-oxide, etc. Recently the requirement of liquid sulphur di oxide has increased due to production of specialty chemicals in the production of petroleum refining and other products. With the uncertainty of the prices of oil, the field has become very competitive. Hence, technologies established over several decades have to be revalued for its capital costs, utility costs, manpower requirements, and maintenance, environment and safety considerations. It is also the starting step for the cold process of manufacture of sulphuric acid, liquid sulphur trioxide, oleum under high pressure conversion with zero emission of sulphur di-oxide. The paper will highlight positive and negative points of prevalent manufacturing facilities of liquid sulphur di-oxide.
Muhammad Atikul Islam Khan
University of South Australia, Australia
Title: Effect of Hydrocarbon Toxicity on Soil Microbial Community
Biography:
Muhammad Atikul Islam Khan has completed his Bsc (Hons) and Msc in Microbiology from the University of Dhaka. After completion of his degree he joined Renata Ltd., a renowned Pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh (formerly Pfizer laboratories), as a Quality Assurance officer (Microbiologist). He has successfully completed his MBA degree from the same University. He has finished his laboratory technology course from Australia and done two months Job placement at SA Pathology. Then he started his PhD at the University of South Australia with Prestigious USAPA Scholarship. He has published several papers (Food microbiology and Pharmaceutical technology) on microbial ecology in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Abstract:
Hydrocarbon contamination of soil is one of the most common pollution issues faced by many regulators, industry and communities. This research aims to identify the ecological impact of hydrocarbon contamination. Soil environmental condition changes may shift the composition and diversity of soil microbial community. Microbial diversity can be defined as the variety of bacterial species in ecosystems along with the genetic variability within each species. Microbial community composition and diversity at diesel-contaminated spiked soils were investigated to understand the interrelationships among soil physical and geochemical properties, pollution level, and microbial community. Forty samples from four different types of soil with various physiochemical characteristics and contaminant concentrations were investigated. Changes in microbial populations due to the presence and concentration of contaminants are dependent on the physiochemical properties of the soil that include geographic region, soil type, and soil pH. Because of environmental stresses or disturbances, the microbial community structure changes and diversity decreases. Still because of vast genotypic and phenotypic diversity it is difficult to characterize soil microbial community.
Biography:
Fawzi Banat is a Professor & Cahir of Chemical Engineering Department at the Petroleum Institute (PI). After obtaining his chemical engineering doctorate at McGill University, Canada, in 1995, he taught at several universities before joining the PI in 2011. He has published over 120 papers in reputed journals and served in many scientific committees.
Abstract:
Over half of the original oil in place (OOIP) is retained in a reservoir after the implementation of primary and secondary production schemes. Hence implementation of chemical stimulation techniques such as surfactant flooding as tertiary-stage recovery method for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is inevitable. An important element of oil recovery based on surfactant flooding is the lowering of the interfacial tension between the aqueous and oil phases. The availability of a large number of surfactants helps in conducting a systematic study of the relation between surfactant structure and its efficacy for oil recovery. Addition of an alkali such as sodium carbonate aids in generating surfactants in-situ and significantly reduce surfactant and co-surfactant adsorption onto the rock during injection and chromatographic separation of the same during co-injection. In addition to reduction of interfacial tension to ultra-low values, surfactants and alkali can also alter the wettability of the rock surfaces to enhance oil recovery. Though, chemical-based EOR techniques have never been responsible for significant enhanced oil production worldwide, surfactants are increasingly implemented as chemical well stimulators, wettability alteration agents and foam generators in several EOR projects. This is an active research area for researchers throughout the world. This study reviewed and assessed some of the recent advances and prospects of surfactant flooding process in oil recovery in the petroleum industry along with its limitations and future prospects in maximizing oil recovery.
Guo Jixiang
China University of Petroleum, China
Title: Study on performance and application of compound viscosity reducer aim at ultra-heavy oil
Biography:
Guo Jixiang has completed his PhD at the age of 39 years from China University of Petroleum, Beijing. She is a professor and doctoral supervisor major in enhancing oil recovery. She has presided over several China's major scientific research projects. She has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member.
Abstract:
In view of the problem of mining ultra-heavy oil is very difficult A new compound viscosity reducer SDG-2 is discussed in this paper. Emulsification effect, droplet size distributions, interfacial tension, emulsion morphology and field test were investigated to better show the advantages of compound viscosity reducer compared with oil-soluble and water-soluble viscosity reducer by FM200 high speed homogenizer, interfacial tensiometer, interfacial rheometer and optical microscopy and so on. The results showed that the SDG-2 can emulsify ultra-heavy oil (1.81×105 mPa•s) which cannot be emulsified by commercial water-soluble viscosity reducers, the average droplet size of the stable emulsion was 2.415um and demulsification was not influenced. Much lower oil-water interfacial tension with SDG-2 than that with oil-soluble viscosity at the same concentration. And the research results showed that the SDG-2 was more effective than commercial oil-soluble viscosity reducer. The rate of viscosity reduction can reached 99% at 50℃ and 95% at 90℃ with SDG-2 while 95.6% at 50℃ and 90.3% at 90℃ with oil-soluble viscosity reducer. In addition, it also has characteristic of broad applicability which is suitable for ultra-heavy oil viscosity ranged from 2.0×104 mPa•s to 1.0×105 mPa•s. Field tests of the newly developed compound viscosity reducer was carried out in Tahe oilï¬led in China, and the results showed that 66.6% less light oil was needed to dilute the heavy oil to achieve the needed viscosity and enhance the ultra-heavy oil recovery rate by 22.5%. We have interest to see its remarkable economic and social benefits.
Changchun Yang
China University of Petroleum,P. R. China
Title: Synthesis and performance evaluation of high-temperature and high-salinity tolerance polymer microspheres
Biography:
Changchun Yang has completed his Master's degree at the age of 25 years from Xi’an Shiyou University and is a doctoral candidate in China University of Petroleum-Beijing. He participated in mentor of National Key Scientific and Technological Project(Grant No.2011ZX05009-004) and National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No.2011CB707305). He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals. His main research direction was about enhanced oil recovery and oil chemistry.
Abstract:
Various technical problems are currently encountered in using regular plugging agents. The performance of these agent in terms of high temperature and salinity tolerance is poor. The cross-linking reaction time is difficult to control and the valid period of the operation measures is short. This study system of deep profile control and water shutoff was researched for high-temperature and high-salinity reservoirs. The microstructure of divinylbenzene-co-acrylamide microspheres were designed according to the principle of deep profile control and water shutoff. Scanning electron microscopy tests, showed that the interior of the microspheres was hollow and that the shell had a nanoporous structure. The basic performance of the microspheres was evaluated, including their suspension, temperature resistance, thermal stability, expansion, and plugging effect at 115°C. Results showed that the sedimentation rate of microsphere solution was 0.005mL/min. The temperature tolerance of the microspheres was reached 300°C by thermal gravimetric analysis. After 180 days, the microspheres did not appear to be carbonized. The microspheres showed weak expansion and could migrate into deep reservoirs. The residual resistance coefficient of the injection and anti-injection experiments was still greater than 2. Only microsphere plugging slug was used. The amplitude of enhanced oil recovery reached 7%. Domestic oil field tests showed that, by increasing the amount of oil by 5.11t each day after profile control, the general water percentage decreased from 64.11% to 32.08%.
Nilesh Chandak
Abu Dhabi Oil Refining Company (TAKREER), Abu Dhabi
Title: Pilot plant experimentation to optimize the use of re-generated CoMo catalyst to process atmospheric and vacuum gas oils
Biography:
Nilesh Chandak has completed his master in chemical engineering from Pune University and is having 20+ years of experience in applications and operations in oil & gas research area. He is the Head of Pilot Plant Operations at Takreer Research center (ADNOC Group Company) in Abu Dhabi. He having publications in various reputed journals and his areas of research are in refining processes viz. Atmospheric and vacuum distillations, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, reforming, isomerization etc.
Abstract:
TAKREER Research Centre (TRC) has conducted a feasibility study on regenerated CoMo catalyst for various possible re-use viz. for naphtha hydrotreating, Kero and ULSD production. This paper focus on the pilot plant testing of regenerated CoMo catalyst for ULSD production by processing LVGO & HGO blends at various ratios for re-use in another hydrotreater unit of refinery. Regenerated catalyst, which was unloaded from commercial hydrotreater after its turnaround, was evaluated using four different blends of LVGO & HGO. During entire experimentation, process conditions viz. 0.5 h-1 LHSV, 57 bar pressure and 300 Nm3/m3 H2/Oil ratio, were unchanged while feed & temperature were variable parameters. Based on the pilot study results we anticipated processing LVGO with HGO blend feed needs 5 °C to 10 °C higher activity comparing with full HGO feed. Estimation of hydrogen consumption & cycle life cycle of the catalyst along with detailed experimentation has been discussed. Details of hydro processing pilot plant design, operation and data analysis are mentioned in which operating conditions were tuned to commercial unit. The experimental results have shown the effective techniques to validate the regenerated CoMo catalyst testing at pilot scale for optimized re-use in commercial refinery
Shi-Zhong Yang
East China University of Science and Technology, China
Title: Fast Hydrolysis for Determination of Lipopeptides on Solid Surface
Biography:
Shi-Zhong Yang received his PhD from East China University of Science and Technology. He is the full-time professor and supervisor of PhD and MD candidates. He has published more than 40 papers in peer review journals
Abstract:
Lipopeptide is a kind of important biosurfactants which has been employed in oil production as an ingredient in oil-flooding formula and have potential application in many other industry fields. Its determination is helpful in their studies and applications. However its hydrolysis is a time-consuming process. A hydrolysis method of lipopeptide on solids surface was proposed to greatly shorten the analysis time. Firstly, the lipopeptide in organic solution was stained on the bottom of a glass vials and was hydrolysized in an atmosphere of HCl and water steam in a sealed Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene)-lined reactor. Then the released main amino acid, leucine, was labeled with Dansyl Chloride and determined by HPLC equipped fluorescence detector. The results showed that the lipopeptide could be hydrolysized completely at 150ºC in an atmosphere of 10 mL concentrated HCl per atmosphere liter for 4 h. This hydrolysis method dramatically reduced the lipopeptide hydrolysis time to 4 h from 24 h and the post-treatment, needed in solution hydrolysis, was omitted. The target amino acid might not be decomposed under the hydrolysis condition. In addition, produced fatty acids after hydrolysis did not hindered the amino determination. The response of integrate area of labeled Leu in HPLC to the lipopeptide quantity was in good linear relationship. It indicated that the hydrolysis method for lipopeptide could be used to determine lipopeptide quantitatively in a shorter time.
Jin-Feng Liu
East China University of Science and Technology, China
Title: The influence of sulfide on the viscosity of HPAM used in oil recovery and the concerning mechanism
Biography:
Jin-Feng Liu received his PhD from East China University of Science and Technology. He has published more than 15 papers in peer review journals.
Abstract:
Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) flooding plays an important role in enhancing oil recovery by increasing the viscosity of flooding fluid containing it. However, the viscosity of HPAM solution is found to be influenced significantly by sulfide. To better understand this phenomenon, the rheological behavior, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and 1H NMR analysis were conducted to evaluate the influence of sulfide on viscosity of HPAM solution. The results showed that sulfide ions, even at 3 mg/L, reduced the viscosity of HPAM solution by a factor of more than 90%. The network structure of HPAM in water was apparently destroyed and the hydrodynamic radius decreased by the treatment with sulfide ions. More interestingly, the viscosity reduction could not be recovered by dialysis and the oxidizing products of sulfide ions by H2O2 could not significantly reduce HAPM viscosity. Furtherly, 1H NMR spectra indicated that the chemical environment of some protons in methyne group connected to the amide group in HPAM molecule were changed by sulfide ions. These results imply that sulfide ions reduce hydrodynamic radius and destroy three dimensional network structure of HPAM in solution by binding two side chains intra-/inter- HPAM molecules and consequently decrease the viscosity of its solution. The present studies are of referential value in researches on the interaction between sulfide and HPAM. Also, as sulfate reducing microorganisms universally inhabit in oil reservoirs, these results are important in guiding the way to promote the efficiency of HPAM flooding by reducing sulfide in oil reservoir via inhibiting SRB production activity.
Hector Ngozi Akangbou
University of Salford, Uk
Title: Proactive control of water and gas coning in the Laboratory
Biography:
Hector Ngozi Akangbou is a 28 years old PhD candidate at the University of Salford and a member of the spray research group and petroleum technology research group at the School of Computing Science and Engineering, University of Salford.
Abstract:
occur when viscous and gravitational forces are imbalanced in the reservoir due to high pressure drawdown. Coning, being a naturally occurring phenomenon cannot be completely avoided. However, in this study a physical model is used to investigate the efficiency of an electromagnetic-valve in controlling production of effluents from a homogeneous, non-fractured reservoir. The technique involves the use of a solenoid gate-valve mounted with an adjustable timer at the outlet of the horizontal well. This idea is based on the principle of density segregation and breakthrough times for water and gas aimed at boycotting the production of effluents as much as possible, especially at the early stage of oil production. The lowest calculated breakthrough time for water or gas will be preferred and pre-set on the solenoid gate-valve but slightly lower to ensure neither water nor gas is produced. The solenoid gate-valve will close almost immediately at the set-time thereby shutting oil production temporarily, causing the water and gas height levels to recede by gravity and density. The process will be repeated until no more oil can be produced. The oil recovery efficiency of this technique at different GOC, WOC, bottom water and gas drive intensities will be presented, analysed and compared with a similar physical simulation, in terms of Water-Oil-Ratio without an electromagnetic gate-valve but at same production time-step.
- Oil Production
Session Introduction
Yongbin Cui
Synfuels China Technology Co., Ltd., China
Title: Multistage Liquefaction Technology for Lignite and Heavy Oil Upgrading
Biography:
Dr. Yongbin Cui has completed his PhD from The University of New South Wales. He is the Deputy Chief Engineer of Synfuels China Engineering Ltd. Synfuels China is a technology provider for Fisher-Tropsch synthesis and product upgrading technologies for coal-to-liquids and gas-to-liquids and heavy oil upgrading, and provide EPC services to its clients.
Abstract:
Synfuels China is a technology provider. A novel Multistage liquefaction technology has been developed by Synfuels China, in order to improve the efficiency of liquefaction for low-rank coals and heavy oil residuals. The multistage coal liquefaction process consists of two sub-processes. Low-rank coals or heavy oil residuals are first hydrolyzed in hydrogen atmosphere in a slurry-bed reactor under 4.0-5.0 MPa and 420-460 oC by mixing the feedstock with certain high activity catalyst in a solvent with high hydrogen-donor ability. The residues from the hydro-pyrolysis process is then gasified to produce syngas. After being purified, the syngas is converted to liquid fuels using synfuels China proprietary High-Temperature Slurry Fischer-Tropsch Process (HTSFTP) technology, which has been successfully applied in two 4000 BPD CTL demonstration plants, running at full load for more than five years in China. Synfuels China has carried out comprehensive R&D work on the hydrogen-pyrolysis process, including studies on high-performance catalysts, hydrogen transfer mechanism, and the properties of feedstocks as well. For a typical heavy oil with a API of 9.9 and IBP of 211.4 oC, the oil yield can be improved from the initial 35.8% (< 520 oC) to ~85% (< 520 oC) after the heavy oil feedstock is processed via the multistage liquefaction process (once-through only). For a typical brown coal, its conversion rate can reach 88-92%, and oil yield is up to 60.0% after the hydrogen-pyrolysis at ~4.0 MPa. This technology has been verified in our pilot plant with a capacity of 80 BPD.
Guo Jixiang
China University of Petroleum, China
Title: Study on performance and application of compound viscosity reducer aim at ultra-heavy oil
Biography:
Guo Jixiang has completed his PhD from China University of Petroleum, Beijing. She is a Professor and Doctoral supervisor major in enhancing oil recovery. She has presided over several China's major scientific research projects. She has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member.
Abstract:
In view of the problem of mining ultra-heavy oil is very difficult A new compound viscosity reducer SDG-2 is discussed in this paper. Emulsification effect, droplet size distributions, interfacial tension, emulsion morphology and field test were investigated to better show the advantages of compound viscosity reducer compared with oil-soluble and water-soluble viscosity reducer by FM200 high speed homogenizer, interfacial tensiometer, interfacial rheometer and optical microscopy and so on. The results showed that the SDG-2 can emulsify ultra-heavy oil (1.81×105 mPa•s) which cannot be emulsified by commercial water-soluble viscosity reducers, the average droplet size of the stable emulsion was 2.415um and demulsification was not influenced. Much lower oil-water interfacial tension with SDG-2 than that with oil-soluble viscosity at the same concentration. And the research results showed that the SDG-2 was more effective than commercial oil-soluble viscosity reducer. The rate of viscosity reduction can reach 99% at 50℃ and 95% at 90℃ with SDG-2 while 95.6% at 50℃ and 90.3% at 50℃ with oil-soluble viscosity reducer. In addition, it also has characteristic of broad applicability which is suitable for ultra-heavy oil viscosity ranged from 2.0×104 mPa•s to 1.0×105 mPa•s. Field tests of the newly developed compound viscosity reducer was carried out in Tahe oilï¬led in China, and the results showed that 66.6% less light oil was needed to dilute the heavy oil to achieve the needed viscosity and enhance the ultra-heavy oil recovery rate by 22.5%. We have interest to see its remarkable economic and social benefits.
Shi-Zhong Yang
East China University of Science and Technology, China
Title: Fast Hydrolysis for Determination of Lipopeptides on Solid Surface
Biography:
Shi-Zhong Yang received his PhD from East China University of Science and Technology. He is the full-time professor and supervisor of PhD and MD candidates. He has published more than 40 papers in peer review journals.
Abstract:
Lipopeptide is a kind of important biosurfactants which has been employed in oil production as an ingredient in oil-flooding formula and have potential application in many other industry fields. Its determination is helpful in their studies and applications. However its hydrolysis is a time-consuming process. A hydrolysis method of lipopeptide on solids surface was proposed to greatly shorten the analysis time. Firstly, the lipopeptide in organic solution was stained on the bottom of a glass vials and was hydrolysized in an atmosphere of HCl and water steam in a sealed Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene)-lined reactor. Then the released main amino acid, leucine, was labeled with Dansyl Chloride and determined by HPLC equipped fluorescence detector. The results showed that the lipopeptide could be hydrolysized completely at 150ºC in an atmosphere of 10 mL concentrated HCl per atmosphere liter for 4 h. This hydrolysis method dramatically reduced the lipopeptide hydrolysis time to 4 h from 24 h and the post-treatment, needed in solution hydrolysis, was omitted. The target amino acid might not be decomposed under the hydrolysis condition. In addition, produced fatty acids after hydrolysis did not hindered the amino determination. The response of integrate area of labeled Leu in HPLC to the lipopeptide quantity was in good linear relationship. It indicated that the hydrolysis method for lipopeptide could be used to determine lipopeptide quantitatively in a shorter time.
Zhang Guoying
China University of Mining & Technology, China
Title: A New Interface Detection Method Based on Heat Transfer Rate of Oil and Water
Biography:
Zhang Guoying work in China university of mining & technology (Beijing) mechanical and electrical and information engineering college of computer science. She has published more than 40 academic papers and published a academic works . She got the seven patents of invention as the first inventor.
Abstract:
The detection of interface between water and oil is of great significance for the heavy oil exploitation. However, the existing detection techniques suffer from some problems such as low efficiency and poor accuracy. A new interface detecting method based on the heat transfer rate between oil and water is proposed. Heat transfer model and Heat transfer rate model which include heat conduction and heat convection have been established in the paper. Experiments of the thermal conductivity of oil and water were carried out under constant temperature condition and heat transfer rate was calculated by difference method Results shows that the heat transfer rate of water is much greater than that of heavy oil at different temperatures which are consistent with the proposed model, demonstrating that detection of oil-water interface position can be realized by measuring the difference of heat transfer rate between oil and water.
Jin-Feng Liu
1East China University of Science and Technology, China
Title: The influence of sulfide on the viscosity of HPAM used in oil recovery and the concerning mechanism
Biography:
Jin-Feng Liu received his PhD from East China University of Science and Technology. He has published more than 15 papers in peer review journals.
Abstract:
Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) flooding plays an important role in enhancing oil recovery by increasing the viscosity of flooding fluid containing it. However, the viscosity of HPAM solution is found to be influenced significantly by sulfide. To better understand this phenomenon, the rheological behavior, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and 1H NMR analysis were conducted to evaluate the influence of sulfide on viscosity of HPAM solution. The results showed that sulfide ions, even at 3 mg/L, reduced the viscosity of HPAM solution by a factor of more than 90%. The network structure of HPAM in water was apparently destroyed and the hydrodynamic radius decreased by the treatment with sulfide ions. More interestingly, the viscosity reduction could not be recovered by dialysis and the oxidizing products of sulfide ions by H2O2 could not significantly reduce HAPM viscosity. Furtherly, 1H NMR spectra indicated that the chemical environment of some protons in methyne group connected to the amide group in HPAM molecule were changed by sulfide ions. These results imply that sulfide ions reduce hydrodynamic radius and destroy three dimensional network structure of HPAM in solution by binding two side chains intra-/inter- HPAM molecules and consequently decrease the viscosity of its solution. The present studies are of referential value in researches on the interaction between sulfide and HPAM. Also, as sulfate reducing microorganisms universally inhabit in oil reservoirs, these results are important in guiding the way to promote the efficiency of HPAM flooding by reducing sulfide in oil reservoir via inhibiting SRB production activity.
Changchun Yang
China University of Petroleum, China
Title: Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of High-Temperature and High-Salinity Tolerance Polymer Microspheres
Biography:
Changchun Yang has completed his Master's degree at the age of 25 years from Xi’an Shiyou University and is a doctoral candidate in China University of Petroleum-Beijing. He participated in mentor of National Key Scientific and Technological Project(Grant No.2011ZX05009-004) and National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No.2011CB707305). He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals. His main research direction was about enhanced oil recovery and oil chemistry.
Abstract:
Various technical problems are currently encountered in using regular plugging agents. The performance of these agent in terms of high temperature and salinity tolerance is poor. The cross-linking reaction time is difficult to control and the valid period of the operation measures is short. This study system of deep profile control and water shutoff was researched for high-temperature and high-salinity reservoirs. The microstructure of divinylbenzene-co-acrylamide microspheres were designed according to the principle of deep profile control and water shutoff. Scanning electron microscopy tests, showed that the interior of the microspheres was hollow and that the shell had a nanoporous structure. The basic performance of the microspheres was evaluated, including their suspension, temperature resistance, thermal stability, expansion, and plugging effect at 115°C. Results showed that the sedimentation rate of microsphere solution was 0.005mL/min. The temperature tolerance of the microspheres was reached 300°C by thermal gravimetric analysis. After 180 days, the microspheres did not appear to be carbonized. The microspheres showed weak expansion and could migrate into deep reservoirs. The residual resistance coefficient of the injection and anti-injection experiments was still greater than 2. Only microsphere plugging slug was used. The amplitude of enhanced oil recovery reached 7%. Domestic oil field tests showed that, by increasing the amount of oil by 5.11t each day after profile control, the general water percentage decreased from 64.11% to 32.08%.
- Transportation
Session Introduction
Bo Yao
China University of Petroleum, China
Title: Micro/Nano Sized Polysilsesquioxanes Facilitate Pour Point Depressing Activity of Polymeric Pour Point Depressants
Biography:
Bo Yao is currently a 3rd PhD candidate from China University of Petroleum. His PhD research focuses on the rheology of crude oils, pipeline additives, crude oil pipelines operation and associative computer simulation. He has his own understanding on the preparation of flow improvers of crude oils and their mechanism. As a PhD candidate, he has published several papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
The polymeric pour point depressants (PPDs) have been widely used in pipelines transporting waxy crude oils. However, the performance of PPDs is still unsatisfactory for many waxy crude oils and is liable to be interfered by reheatment, pump-shearing and rest time. It has been verified that the inorganic nanoparticles could improve the performance of PPDs by modifying the morphology of precipitated wax crystals. However, the inorganic nanoparticles need to be organically modified before use and may perhaps cause some problems in downstream refinery. Polysilsesquioxanes micro/nano particles have good dispersing ability in organic solvent and good heat/shear resistance. In this paper, the Polysilsesquioxanes micro/nano particles were used to disperse in PPDs matrixes to prepare composite PPDs. The composite PPDs could greatly improve the rheology of waxy crude oils that is, the pour point, viscosity, yield stress of waxy crude oils decrease greatly after composite PPDs addition. The DSC test showed that the composite PPDs act as nucleats of wax crystals and facilitate wax precipitation. The microscopic images of precipitated wax crystals showed that the addition of composite PPDs favors the formation of large spherical-like wax crystals, the structures of which are very compact. A possible heterogeneous nucleation mechanism was put forward: the composite PPDs particles provide models for the wax molecules to precipitate thus greatly modify of wax crystal morphology and improve waxy crude oil rheology. In addition, the organo-functional group types of methoxysilanes, size of polysilsesquioxane particle and polarity of polymeric PPD have multiple influences on the pour point depressing performance of the composite PPDs.
Tolga Taner
Aksaray University, Turkey
Title: A strategic location of Turkey for energy such as petroleum and the other energy resources
Biography:
Tolga Taner is an Assistant Professor in the Head of the Department of Motor Vehicles and Transportation Technology at the Aksaray University (Turkey) where he has been a faculty member since 2005. He completed his PhD at Gazi University, Mechanical Engineering. He’s studying in Academic Staff since 16 years. His research areas are energy, exergy, thermoeconomics analysis, energy management, thermodynamics, wind energy, fuel cells. He has got several scientific works and studies as several international and national publications, reviewer and Editorial Board Member.
Abstract:
Energy that is more important impression determines the political and economic of countries. At the moment, while human population and hi-tech technology are increasing, demand of energy is soaring rapidly. An economic power poses an independence of country. As countries produce themselves production so they can become into a powerful country. Thus, living conditions come to the great point for these similar countries such as contemporary and prosperity of countries. Consequently, Turkey’s location is very strategic place in the World and Middle-East location. Turkey has got very significance strategic location. By this way, Turkey try to take some political and economic decision for their future. In that, mentioned of this location has got a great turmoil. Turkey tries to plunge into a quest for these reasons. In this study, it discusses this problem how it can be solved by Turkey. The aim of this study is to pose Turkey’s energy strategy that can be become a power for this location and can be ended up by Turkey. This location turmoil will be concluded and can be a model for this location’s countries. These countries can be found peace and tranquility by this development. Turkey has got two decisions. First decision, Turkey can find petroleum for their intrastate. Second decision is concentrate on renewable energy such as fuel cell, wind and solar energy, and nuclear energy.
- Petroleum Engineering
Session Introduction
Dandina N. Rao
Louisiana State Univerity, Baton Rouge, USA
Title: Gas Injection Enhanced Oil Recovery – A Profitable Path for Emmissions Control
Biography:
Dandina N Rao is Emmett-Wells-Distinguished-Professor in the Craft and Hawkins Department of Petroleum Engineering at Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA. He has been involved in enhanced oil recovery research and field project implementations for over 3 decades. He holds a B Tech with Distinction from India, a M.Sc. from the University of Saskatchewan (Canada) and a PhD from the University of Calgary (Canada). He was recently recognized by the Louisiana State University with the Rainmaker Award given to faculty who are nationally and internationally recognized for innovative research and creative scholarship.
Abstract:
The current commercial practice of gas-based enhanced oil recovery processes involves either continuous gas injection (CGI) or Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) injection. Over 60 commercial projects in West Texas and other parts of the world have amply demonstrated that these CGI and WAG processes have been technically successful and commercially profitable. However, the oil recoveries from the CGI and WAG processes fall in the range of 5-15% of the remaining oil. The Gas-Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) process, invented and patented at LSU, has yielded oil recoveries in the range of 65-95% in laboratory experiments conducted at realistic reservoir conditions. The GAGD process involves utilizing several vertical wells for injection of CO2 in addition to drilling long horizontal wells for production. Injected CO2 accumulates at the top of the payzone due to gravity segregation and displaces oil, which drains to the horizontal producer. This maximizes the volumetric sweep efficiency. The gravity segregation of CO2 also helps in delaying, or even eliminating, CO2 breakthrough to the producer as well as preventing the gas phase from competing for flow with oil. GAGD enables sequestering injected CO2 in addition to yielding much higher recoveries of trapped oil from depleted reservoirs. This presents a unique opportunity for CO2 emitters and oil companies to synergize their resources to enable higher profits in the form of improved oil recoveries in addition to sequestering CO2 to ensure a cleaner environment. This workshop will focus on the development of the new GAGD process through laboratory experimentation and reservoir simulation of actual field case applications in addition to prersenting its carbon sequestration potential.
Renyuan SUN
School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, China
Title: Experimental simulations on coal particle migration through the reservoir and wellbores during coalbed methane production
Biography:
Renyuan Sun has completed his PhD in 2005 from Tianjin University, China. He is a Professor of Petroleum Engineering in the School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum. His research interests include unconventional oil & gas development, enhanced oil & gas recovery and physical oil production. He has published more than 80 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Coalbed methane (CBM) is one of the most important unconventional natural gases in the world. During the production of CBM, some coal particles will migrate through the reservoir to the bottomhole, some of them will be produced to the surface with the produced water and some particles will settle down in the wellbore. All the process has great effect on gas production. In order to study the transport mechanisms for coal particle in the reservoir and its settling down in the wellbore, a series of experiments were conducted. The coal-packing models were used to simulate the particle migration in the coal reservoir under different flow rate to measure the critical flow rate for particle migration for different models. The particle size distribution of the produced coal were analyzed by the Laser Particle Size Analyzer. In order to simulate the flow properties of coal particles with water, a new experimental setup was designed, which include supplying system of water and pressure and acquisiting and processing system of data and image. Experiments show that the coal particle production is related to the flow rate and the permeability change of the coal-parking models; only some small size coal particles can migrate through the model and be produced out. The highest particle size is related to the permeabilty of coal-parking models and the fluid flow rate. There is a critical velocity corresponding to coal particles of different meshes by varying the experimental conditions. Particle size, the shape of particles and the flow velosity have effect on settling down of particles in the verticle wellbore. The results can provide some basis for the production plan optimization of coalbed wells.
Benjamin Alfred Pitkin
The University of Newcastle, Australia
Title: CFD Modelling of Pre-mixed Natural Gas-Air Deflagrations in an Open Ended Tube Using FLACS
Biography:
Benjamin is a 35 year old postgraduate research candidate at the University of Newcastle, NSW, Austrlia. He has over 10 years of industry experience, as a mechanical engineer, in the defence, manufacturing, and coal mining industries. His current research topic is on the application of water based mitigation of fires and explosions caused by pre-mixed hydrocarbon-air combustion.
Abstract:
The combustion of pre-mixed flammable hydrocarbons are a major safety hazard for people working in petroleum extraction, refinement, and transportation. Fires and explosions due to gas leaks being exposed to ignition sources have the potential to cause catastrophic accidents. Resulting in fatalities, equipment damage, and property loss. The aim of this study was to investigate the conditions required for flame propagation and deflagration. A 30 m steel pipe with 0.5 m diamater was filled with a natural gas-air mixture (consisting of 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 9.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15% v/v.) and ignited using a 50 mJ chemical igniter. The tube was opened at the non-ignition end. This experiment was simulated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLACS 10.4 – developed by Gexcon. Comparison was made between simulation results, and the data collected from detonation tube experiments at the University of Newcastle, Australia, and was used to validate the computational methods. Various improvements to the modelling technique were made, and considerable agreement between simulations and experiemental results was found. Particularly concerning the rate of combusion, flame speed, and the pressure wave development. FLACS was able to predict when a combustion event would develop from a flame into a deflagration, and also predict when Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition (DDT) was likely to occur. Allowing the interrogation of these processes to a much greater extent than might be possible with experimental work. This study will aid the understanding of flame propagation and enable the improvement of explosion mitigation technologies.
WeiQing An
China University of Petroleum, China
Title: E-BABE-Permeability analysisof influencing factors of tight reservoir cores withhigh pressure
Biography:
Wei QingAn is a doctoral candidate in China University of Petroleum, Beijing. He participated in mentor of National Natural Science Foundation of China (51334007) project during the period of study for a doctorate. He studied seepage rule in tight reservoir cores . he has published 3 papers in reputed journals and applied for 6 invention patents
Abstract:
Permeability is a key parameter for characterizing reservoirs, forecasting permeability, and making development plans. Steady-state permeability measurement methods and gas slippage theory are well known to determine tight core permeability. Previous studies showed the remarkable influence of temperature and effective stress on permeability, and recent reports discovered deviations in slippage theory with low back pressure (0.1–7.6 and 0.1–8 MPa). The latest high-pressure micro-flow meter is adopted to investigate permeability chan
ges and influence of gas rate, effective stress and temperature under high-range back pressure (0.1–38 MPa). The measured tight permeability complies with classic Klinkenberg slippage theory in low back pressure but deviates in high back pressure. The deviation is observed to rise as back pressure increases and reaches a constant value at higher pressure with the same differential pressure. For different differential pressure，the gas slippage effect is observed to decrease and disappear as back pressure increases. The apparent permeability rises with increasing flow rate and this trend is more evident when the back pressure is higher. In low back pressure, effective stress and temperature exert anotable influence on permeability; the apparent permeability decreases with increasing effective stress and temperature. However, as back pressure increases, effective stress and temperature have less influence on permeability.
Kang Seok Go
Korea Institute of Energy Research(KIER), Korea
Title: Effect of surfactants on asphaltene behaviors in the solvent deasphalting system
Biography:
Kang Seok Go has completed his PhD from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea in 2010. He had an experience of refining area at SK Innovation Global Technology Senior Researcher until 2014. Now he has been working at KIER and KRICT focusing on the research of heavy oil upgrading based on hydroprocessing and fluid catalytic cracking process.
Abstract:
Unconventional resources, such as coal tar, bitumen, various type of residue from refineries have a potential to increase a value-up of itself with a variety of upgrading processes. One of those processes is a solvent deasphalting which is a conventional proven technology based on the solvent extraction. However, it still makes a large portion of operating cost for refinery due to recovery of solvent. Therefore, effect of surfactants on asphaltene behaviors in the solvent deasphalting system was investigated to reduce the usage of solvent in this study. Athabasca bitumen and normal paraffin (nC5~nC7) were used as a feedstock and solvent, respectively. And ionic surfactants as additives were used. As results, it was found that some surfactants make a different degree of accumulation between asphaltenes at the same experimental condition. It was also appeared to be different yields and properties between DAO and Pitch as well. The reason for those differences would be expected to be surface modification of asphaltene with surfactants and it was quantified by electrokinetic properties of asphaltenes (Zeta potential: 0~+-80 mV). From this study, it was found that surfactants can change the surface electrokinetic property of the precipitated asphaltene molecules so that the extraction performance maintains a same level at low solvent to oil ratio condition. Therefore, it would be expected to have a potential to reduce the amount of solvent used at solvent deasphalting process.
Mohammed Jabbar Ajrash Al-Zuraiji
The University of Newcastle, Australia
Title: Impacts of natural gas explosion pressure waves in pipes on infrastructure in the petrochemical industry
Biography:
Mohammed Jabbar Ajrash Al-Zuraiji has completed his Bachelor’s and Master’s degree in Chemical Engineering from Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. He commenced his PhD program in Chemical Engineering in April 2014 under the supervision of Prof. Behdad Moghtaderi. He has published more than 4 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Pressure waves are an important parameter in characterizing the potential damage of explosions on plant infrastructure. The development of chemical plants is established in accordance with safety standards. Understanding the consequences of explosions, however, contributes to increasing safety standards in process industries. A large scale detonation tube has been built at University of Newcastle, Australia. The setup is 30 m long with 0.5 m diameter with 66 pressure transducers and photodiodes mounted along the diameter of detonation tube to measure the flame and pressure wave development. Natural gas was injected in four different configurations which were: 3 m, 6 m, 12 m and 25 m reactive section lengths. The initial ignition was delivered via an explosion of stoichiometric methane air mixture in the first section of the detonation tube. The strength of the pressure wave was extrapolated by measuring of dynamic pressure, which has accomplished by employing two pitot tubes at the end of the detonation tube. The results indicated that the length of active section is a pivotal factor in determining the expected level of damage. An explosion of 9.5% methane in a 3 m active section had potential to cause total building destruction. However, the explosion of 9.5% methane concentration at 6 m, 12 m and 25 m active section lengths had potential expose to direct blast effects, which are responsible for 1-99% of explosion related fatalities. Finally, it is expected that a steel frame buildings will distort and pulled away from foundation from explosions of 5% to 15% methane concentration.